The Economic Report On Fracking, Is It Worth It - 1465 Words

Weekly Economic Report Fracking, is it Worth it? Ron Withall Business 630, Dr. Lynn Reaser SUBJECT Our dependence on foreign oil and natural gas has created a vulnerability affecting our national security and economic stability. Up until this past decade there was an appreciable decline in our oil and natural gas production in the US and we were tied to world market price fluctuations. Oil prices and natural gas prices rose and fell based on OPEC’s and other large oil and natural gas producers’ production and pricing decisions. Beginning in 2005, things began to change in the US oil and natural gas industry. New technology called hydraulic fracturing or â€Å"fracking† made it possible to extract oil and natural gas from geological†¦show more content†¦In response to the quake and presumably in a move to prevent further quakes and damage, Oklahoma state regulators ordered 37 wastewater disposal wells to halt operations. This dramatic action maybe a sign of what’s to come. The question now is whether other states with fracking operations w ill follow suit. If a ban or moratorium is placed on hydraulic fracturing it is likely to appreciably change the oil and natural gas industry in this country and the economies within the affected states, the nation and our current relationships with other oil producing countries in the world. IMPORTANCE How does fracking and the oil and gas industry affect each of us personally? It is estimated that the oil and natural gas industry employs over 2.8 million people either directly or indirectly and employment in the industry, as a result of fracking, has grown substantially (Figure 3). In recent years we have seen oil and natural gas prices plummet due in part to hydraulic fracturing. Petroleum prices that were once over $4.00 at the pump are now hovering around $2.50. Natural gas prices have dropped dramatically (by 47%) since the fracking revolution. According to a report by Catherine Hausman and Ryan Kellogg on the â€Å"Welfare and Distribution Implications of Shale Gas†, natural gas production grew more than 25% between 2007 and 2013 driven by technology innovations in extraction (Figure 4). In

William Hawthorne s The Birthmark Destruction And...

Yana Kopylova Irene Kanurkas EAC217YA February 5, 2015 How Aylmer’s obsessive nature led to his destruction and Georgiana’s tragic ending. Nathaniel Hawthorne in his story â€Å"The birthmark† has done an exceptionally good job at developing the main characters and making them extremely dedicated to their beliefs and values. Aylmer gradually spins out of control and becomes obsessive with the idea that he can remove the birthmark from his wife’s face and is willing to do so at any cost. Aylmer is a very forceful character who only wants to do things his way and strongly believes that by using science and logic he can overcome anything and become God like. The story of Aylmer’s obsession with Georgiana’s birthmark leads both characters to a tragic end. Aylmer’s search for happiness took him in the wrong direction and caused his to lose â€Å"The best the earth had to offer† (19). This short story comes to teach the reader valuable morals and lessons about life and the world we live i n. Throughout the course of the story the birthmark on Georgiana’s face is interpreted differently and comes to symbolize how purposely imperfect we are created. The constant battle between nature and science is also quite evident and elaborated on by the narrator who communicates the voice of the author himself. To better understand Aylmer’s obsession we would need to analyze the symbolic meaning of Georgiana’s birthmark. After being with his wife for a while Aylmer acknowledges

Fundamentals of occupational safety and health - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Fundamentals of occupational safety and health. Answer: Introduction Language proficiency is very important in the matter of WSH. In the times of emergency in the occupational safety, if people cannot understand each others language, it may bring fatal consequences (Sawir et al. 2012). English is the global language and as the instances of occupational migration have been increasing at a very rapid rate, the need to have a common language is increasing also. This research paper intends to find out the impact of the English language on the workplace safety and health. The researcher will be conducting a survey on the employees of five reputed companies of Singapore to get an idea about the implications of the topic of the research. This chapter is the introductory chapter that aims to introduce the topic of the research study to the readers. The aim and objective of the study, background study, research questions and hypothesis and research rationale are presented in this chapter. Background study of the research WSH is often referred to as occupational health and safety. This is concerned with the assessment and mitigation of the risks and hazards associated with the health and safety of the people in the workplace (Murray 2013). This includes the welfare, health and safety of the customers or visitors as well along with that of the employees, contractors, suppliers and volunteers. The government sets many laws regarding the workplace safety and health (WSH) issues and any business owner, be government or private, must comply with those WSH principles and regulations as a mandatory requirement while conducting the business. The employees are also expected to know those policies very well while working in an organization. In the era of globalization, the instances of employee migration have increased significantly. The skilled as well as unskilled workers are migrating from their home county to another for better career growth and higher salary (Vertovec 2015). Singapore has also seen a rapid increase in the migrated workers in the last few decades. Skilled and unskilled workers from various parts of the world have migrated to Singapore and they have a vast difference in their culture and languages. Many of these workers as well as many citizens of Singapore are not proficient in English language. However, almost all the organizations maintain English as their official language and some also keep Mandarin and Chinese as another official language. The rules and regulations and the policies are often drafted in English. It is found that, the natives, who do not have proficiency in English language, sometimes face challenges to understand the policies and often they skip the effort to understand those (B ai, Hu and Gu 2014). These create problems in the working system, especially in case of WSH issues. This research paper aims to evaluate the impact of knowledge and proficiency of English language that helps to understand and follow the WSH policies in the Singaporean organizations. Research aim The aim of the research study is to find out the impact of the knowledge and proficiency of English language on the WSH. As English is the global language, it is expected that the migrated workforce in any country are proficient in English, if not in the local and regional language. Hence, the extent of impact that the language proficiency can have on the occupational health and safety is the subject matter of this research paper. Research objectives The objectives of this research paper are as follows. To evaluate the impact of knowledge on the English language on the workplace environment in terms of WSH issues To identify the effectiveness of English language proficiency in understanding the WSH principles of an organization To evaluate if the people who are either bilingual or proficient in the English language have an advantage over the people who speak other languages during the implementation of the WSH policies and principles. Research questions The research questions for this research study are: What is the impact of having knowledge in English language on the work environment in terms of WSH issues? How much the proficiency in English language is effective for understanding the WSH policies of an organization? Do the people, with knowledge or proficiency in English, have an advantage over the people speaking other languages while understanding and implementing Research rationale Research rationale depicts the logic behind conducting the research study. The researcher aims to address the gap in the previous literatures and research studies that have been conducted on the similar topic or subject. Various researches have been conducted earlier by other scholars that addressed various aspects of occupational health and safety. Through this research study, the relation between the English language proficiency and how it helps in better understanding and implementing the policies and regulations on WSH will be explored. Knowledge and proficiency in English can help employees enormously when it comes to understanding the WSH requirements written in English and therefore being able to adhere to the regulations. The topic has been so chosen because it constitutes a major problem in the health and safety regulations overall. In the current world, every country has some workforce who is from another country (Knoch et al. 2015). This makes it inevitable that communication gaps would be present. While it is not at all easy to ensure that every person knows the language of every other person, English could serve as the bridge that could be sued by everyone so that every aspect is at least conveyed to each other. This alone could prove to be beneficial. Unless a proper communication is established, it is equally impossible to fully comprehend the regulations and country-specific WSH policies or what are the implications of the same (Murray and Hicks 2016). Structure of the research Chapter 1 of the research paper is the introduction. In this chapter the researcher introduces the research topic to the readers. The background study, research rationale, research aim, objectives, questions and hypothesis are presented in this chapter. In chapter 2, the researcher presents the literature review. To conduct this research study, the researcher studies various scholarly articles and online publications and presents the gained knowledge in this chapter to throw light on various aspects of the research topic. Chapter 3 presents the research methodology. The basic plan of the researcher to address the research questions will be presented in this chapter. The philosophy, approach, design and strategy of research, data collection and analysis process are address in chapter 3. Data analysis and its findings are discussed in chapter 4. The researcher will be collecting either primary or secondary data and will analyze it using either qualitative or quantitative method. The findings and their explanations in relation to the research topic will be discussed in this chapter. Chapter 5 is the conclusion. The researcher establishes the relation between the findings and research objectives to see that whether the research study could fulfill the research objectives. The researcher will also present some recommendations based on the study and limitations and future scope of research in this chapter. English as an international language English language has been able to spread across the globe quite rapidly and become the most popular and widely used international language. Almost all the industries and businesses around the globe use English as the official language, which has brought a change in the education system of countries. Being an easy language, people have easily adapted to English and that made the business world to function without much hitches. With the increasing level of globalization, the adoption of English has been increasing too. However, there are many nations, where English still could not capture the position of official language, but during any international transaction, they are bound to use the English language. English also works as a thread in integrating different cultures (Pennycook 2014). The existence of colonies helped in establishing the language in those regions and that had an impact on the culture of the people too. English language proficiency and implications in the workplace Language proficiency, often known as Linguistic proficiency is referred to the capability of an individual of speaking or performing in a language. It is assumed that an individual becomes proficient in his mother-tongue naturally. Years of schooling and education make a person proficient in other languages (Sentell and Braun 2012). As English is the most important language in the world at present, the parents of every child want English proficiency for their child. In the working environment also, having language proficiency is an added advantage. This helps an individual to communicate effectively and perform efficiently. As stated by Moslehifar and Ibrahim (2012), when an organization expands internationally and operates as a multinational company, it needs to hire people from different countries, based on the location of the offices and therefore, to have an integrated communication network, there must be a common language to be used for all official purposes. Hence, the demand o f English and English proficient people has become extremely high in the past few decades, especially after the economic liberalization and globalization (Sentell and Braun 2012). In many countries, English is the official language while in others, it is not. These countries have kept their regional language as the official language. However, English helps in internal and external communication in the multinational companies. Workplace Safety and Health WSH is a very important issue in the industrial as well as service sector across the world. This is sometimes termed as occupational safety and health measures. These measures are directly related to the physical wellbeing of the employees, which is dependent on the occupational hazards. There are numerous industries, where physical labor is the fundamental requirement. Hence, the organizations must take the responsibility of the safety of the employees while working for them. At the same time, the service sector also has to ensure the physical as well as mental health of the employees remain well, otherwise, they cannot deliver their maximum productivity (Friend and Kohn 2014). Thus, health and safety of the employees are one of the most important requirements, which need to be fulfilled by the organizations, as per the government rule. The clauses are set according to the nature of work of the organizations. They are responsible for designing the WSH policies, that must include wel l being clauses for physical and mental wellbeing of the employees and every employee should be aware of those clauses (Eeckelaert et al. 2012). Many companies have health and safety representatives, who represent the safety and health interests of the employees to the higher management . WSH measures are taken by the organizations to ensure a safe working environment to the employees. It is a responsibility of the organizations to make the employees feel safe and secured while working for them. Hence, WSH policies are made and distributed to the employees to make them aware about the policies. Mental as well as physical wellness of the employees is the concern of the organizations, as both are required to achieve the organizational goals (Consultaustralia.com.au 2016). As stated in a compliance code by WorkSafe Victoria (2014), the WSH discipline also includes the protection of safety and health matters of the stakeholders from exposure to the hazards and the risks arising from the work activities. These concerns have pushed the government of almost all countries to introduce WSH laws and regulations and made it mandatory for the organizations to strictly follow them. English proficiency and organizational policies As stated by Sato (2015), speaking in English has become a mandate in almost all global companies and the benefit brings global coverage and efficiency while the disadvantage is the resistance that arises from within the workforce who are unwilling to accept the imposed language. However, the organizations have to provide scope for the employees who do not have proficiency in English and hence, require assistance in languages other than English to understand the information of the policies, receive the training and participate in the program. They also need the scope for communicating in their own language. Although, it is extremely difficult for the organizations to provide assistance to the employees in any different languages, they solve this communication issue by translating the policies in any one common language other than English. However, it is evident that having proficiency or at least minimum knowledge in English is beneficial for not only the employees but also for the o rganization, as that ensures smooth and effective functioning of the organizations, saving much time that would have otherwise wasted in communicating the policy frameworks among the employees (Business.gov.au 2018). People with good knowledge in English can have a better understanding of the organizational policies and can implement those in a better, faster and efficient manner. Summary From literature review, it can be inferred that, researches have been undertaken on the importance of English proficiency in life as well as in the workplace, policies and implications of WSH and impact of English proficiency and its impact on organizational policies. From almost all the papers, it is observed that English has a profound importance in the workplace. Through this research, the researcher aims to find out the implications of English proficiency in understanding and efficiently implementing the WSH policies in the workplace. This topic was not addressed before by any scholar and hence, this topic was chosen for the research. Research philosophy The source and nature of the information directs the way to choose research philosophy. In this research, the researcher adopted the quantitative method of research, by applying appropriate statistical techniques on the primary data, collected from the employees of 5 construction companies in Singapore through a survey, and hence, the positivism philosophy was adopted. This philosophy deals with highly structured large samples for data collection and applying quantitative method of data analysis. Research approach Among the three major types of research approaches, namely, inductive, deductive and abductive, in the given research, the researcher adopted the deductive approach of research, as neither had he generated any new theory from the research nor he had to choose one potential solution from many. Rather he tested the research hypothesis, that is, the implications of the proficiency in English language on understanding the WSH policies on the basis of conventional theories on the related subjects. Research strategy In the words of Bryman (2015), research strategy is the framework that exhibits the plan of the researcher on how to proceed with the research study in the right direction to reach to a logical conclusion. The researcher chose the survey strategy to collect data on the research topic. Survey strategy is beneficial to get a first hand idea about the respondents perception about the research topic (Robson and McCartan 2016), as in this case, the employees of the construction companies of Singapore were asked for participating in the survey to provide an insight about the English language proficiency and its implications on the WSH policies. Research design Research design is mainly of two types, explanatory and exploratory. In the current research topic, the researcher applied the explanatory research design as the researcher aimed to explain the implications of the proficiency in the English language on the rules and regulations regarding the WSH issues in the construction companies of Singapore. Data collection process The researcher collected both the primary and secondary data to address the research questions. Primary data was collected through surveys on the employees of 5 construction companies of Singapore and secondary data was collected from various scholarly articles, books, online publications and peer-reviewed journals and was presented in the literature review and in the conclusion. The study was analytical in nature, with a primary focus on the knowledge on the English language and relating to the WSH norms to understand if the employees who do not speak very good English fare equally to those who do, or not. The survey questionnaire was designed in simple language and contained 10 close ended and easy to understand questions. It aimed to understand the participants depth in the knowledge of the language and their capabilities to communicate using the language. It was also observed whether they could properly understand the WSH policies and regulations. The questionnaire that was provided to them was helpful to get their answers on how they thought that they faced problems in the workplace. Whether they were good in communicating in English and, if not, did they believe that their lack of knowledge of English is in any way impacting the same. In order to conduct the survey, the researcher chose 10 employees each from 5 reputed construction companies of Singapore. The companies are as follows. KOH General Contractors Star Air Pte Ltd GKB Engineering Maple Interiors Pacific Asia Pte Ltd The survey was conducted to gather knowledge on the effectiveness of English language proficiency for understanding WSH policies. Google form was used for collecting the responses. The questionnaire contained total 10 close ended questions, first 3 out of those focused on individual details and the last 7 focused on subjective elements. Sampling method 50 participants across 5 different companies were surveyed upon, ten from each company. In order to conduct the survey, simple random sampling was used by the researcher. In simple random sampling, the samples have the equal probability of being chosen, and hence, reduce the biasness in the data. The answers was analysed accordingly to find any trend that suggests that WSH norms were compromised because of poor skills in English. Data analysis process The researcher analysed the collected data by using quantitative analysis method. Various as well as appropriate statistical functions were performed on the data to get the desired outcome. MS Excel was used for the data analysis. The survey responses were collected by using Likert scale and the responses were converted into numerical data for the statistical analysis. The secondary data was used for thematic analysis to provide supportive argument to the primary data analysis results. MS Excel was used to document the responses and performing statistical calculation, that is, correlation. Ethical consideration The responses of the participants must be classified and it must be ensured that no personal information is spread by any means (Yamao and Sekiguchi 2015). Some basic factors must be maintained during the study; such as making sure that the survey participants are not harmed in any way, and they must also be given full information about the survey beforehand so that those who are not comfortable with such a survey can be able to not partake in the same. The researcher followed the conditions for maintaining confidentiality of the personal information of the respondents by declaring the agreement on the survey questionnaire. Originality of the paper was strictly maintained by the researcher, as, plagiarism is a serious offence in the world of education and the researcher can be penalized if found guilty. Hence, proper citation of the sources of information was made throughout the paper. Summary To summarize the research methodology, it can be said that, the researcher chose positivism philosophy of research, followed by deductive research approach, explanatory research design and survey strategy of research. He collected primary data using simple random sampling and secondary data from various journals for the purpose of literature review. The data analysis was performed using quantitative method of analysis. The researcher used MS Excel to perform the data analysis. Correlation was performed to find out the relation among the factors required to test the hypotheses and the factors were chosen on the basis of the knowledge gained through literature review. Analytical findings and explanations Demographic elements Demographic elements are the individuals details that reflect the social and economic status of the individual. These elements also represent various individualistic characteristics that highlight the specific feature of the individual or respondents that are helpful in addressing the research topic. In this research study, the tenure in the company, language proficiency and educational qualification of the respondents are considered as demographic elements as these are relevant factors to address the research topic. Among the 50 respondents of the survey, 38% are associated with their respective companies for 2 to 5 years, 28% are for 6 months to 2 years, 18% respondents are working for more than 5 years and 16% are working for less than 6 months. Thus, it can be said that majority of the respondents have work experience of 5 years and below. 56% of the respondents are post graduate from the universities of Singapore and other countries. 26% hold graduation degree, 10% are pass outs of secondary schools, and 4% each hold diploma and vocational training. 74% of the respondents have said that they have proficiency in English language other than their own regional languages. 12% reported that they have proficiency in Mandarin only, 6% have expertise in Tamil, 4% have proficiency in Chinese, and 2% each has proficiency in Malay and Hindi. These 26% do not have proficiency in the English language. Subjective factors The subjective elements are the factors that specifically focus on the research topic. In this research study, the researcher selected 7 questions that particularly addressed the issue of English language proficiency and its relation with the WSH in the 5 construction companies of Singapore. Importance of WSH, importance of knowledge and proficiency of English language, its relation with better availability of WSH services, organizations preference for people with English proficiency and whether the organizations should give basic English language training to the employees are addressed in this section of the questionnaire. The responses are collected in the form of Likert scale values, 1 representing strongly disagree and 5 representing strongly agree. The analysis and findings are presented below. 50% of the respondents agreed and 42% strongly agreed that WSH is important in the workplace. 6% answered neutral and 2% disagreed. None of the respondents strongly disagreed to this question. Hence, it can be said that majority of the respondents believe that WSH issues are very important in any organization as that is closely related to the welfare of the employees. The advantages of WSH policies can be availed in the best possible manner only when the employees communicate and know about those. For that communication with the authority is important. 54% agreed and 30% strongly agreed to that. 12% answered neutral and 4% disagreed. 46% of the respondents agreed and 28% strongly agreed that they believe that they have good communication skills in English. 16% answered neutral, 6% disagreed and 4% strongly disagreed. Hence, majority of the respondents have reported that they have knowledge and proficiency in the English communication skills. Regarding the question on whether efficiency in the English language helps the employees in the workplace while understanding and availing the WSH services, 50% agreed and 28% strongly agreed. 12% responded neutral, 8% disagreed and 2% strongly disagreed to this question. Hence, it can be said that, a large section of the respondents believe that proficiency in English is beneficial in the matter of knowing, understanding and availing the WSH policies and services in any organization. 44% of the respondents agreed and 28% strongly agreed that better knowledge in the English language is beneficial for having a better understanding of the policies, including those for the WSH. However, 14% remained neutral, 10% disagreed and 4% strongly disagreed. Hence, importance of English language is undeniable. On the question of whether the organizations give a preference to the people with proficiency in English, 48% agreed and 18% strongly agreed. However, 18% responded neutral and 16% disagreed. The opinions varied because the researcher considered employees from five different Singaporean construction companies and operational strategies in these companies are different. Regarding the question on whether the organizations should provide basic training to the employees in the English language so that they can be more aware of various policies and guidelines including the WSH policies, understand and implement those well, majority (52%) agreed and 30% strongly agreed, 10% responded neutral and 8% disagreed. None of the participants strongly disagreed to this. Thus, it can be said that the employees perceive that the organizations should take some initiatives to make the employees more comfortable with various types of organizational policies. Correlation analysis Correlation analysis is performed on the numeric factors to find out the relative importance as well as impact of the factors on each other, that is, the level and direction of the relation among the variables (Wildemuth 2016). The researcher used MS Excel tool to perform this function. The table below exhibits the correlation coefficients, which is measured against the value of Pearsons correlation coefficient, with the value ranging from +1 to -1. WSH is important in the workplace Communication is essential for the purpose of availing the advantages of the WSH Good skills at English communication efficiency in English can help you in the workplace regarding availing the WSH services better knowledge in English helps to better understand WSH services organization gives preference to people with proficiency in English organization should give basic training in English language to make employees aware of the WSH policies and guidelines WSH is important in the workplace 1 Communication is essential for the purpose of availing the advantages of the WSH 0.4856 1 Good skills at English communication 0.0269 0.3557 1 efficiency in English helps in the workplace regarding availing the WSH services 0.2173 0.2882 0.6808 1 better knowledge in English helps to better understand WSH services 0.1071 0.1459 0.5516 0.6401 1 organization gives preference to people with proficiency in English language -0.0899 0.0447 0.3977 0.4914 0.6527 1 organization should give basic training in English language to make employees aware of the WSH policies and guidelines 0.2567 0.3375 0.5182 0.4516 0.3824 0.4393 1 Table 1: Correlation among the variables From the above table, it is found that all the variables are positively correlated with each other except the relation between the importance of WSH in the workplace and if the organizations give preference to the people with English proficiency. This indicates that the variables are linearly dependent, that is, these are having a linear relationship (Wildemuth 2016). Importance of WSH depends on peoples perception, while hiring people with English language proficiency is an organizational strategy. These two factors cannot influence each other positively and hence, the correlation coefficient is not positive. For all the other variables, focusing on the English language proficiency and its effectiveness in understanding of the WSH policies and effective implementation of those, have all displayed positive relation among each other, that is, one factor positively influences the other. Thus, it can be said at the end of this chapter, that, knowledge and proficiency of English language is important for better understanding and implementation of the WSH policies. Similar to other types of organizational policies, the WSH rules and regulations should also be understood by the employees, so that they can act accordingly if any situation arises. Having proficiency in English helps the employees to know and understand the requirements of these policies and regulations well and apply those efficiently when required. Thus, it can be said that the null hypothesis is rejected and alternative hypothesis is accepted, that is, English proficiency has significant impact on the WSH in the construction companies of Singapore. Conclusions and recommendations Introduction This chapter presents the concluding remarks about the findings through the data analysis of this research study. It is found from the process of data collection and analysis that, the researcher had considered various factors that can affect effectiveness of the understanding of the WSH policies of the 5 construction companies of Singapore. The selection of the factors came from the knowledge gained from the study of the past literature. The researcher conducted frequency analysis of the survey responses and it is found that the respondents have majorly agreed to all the factors contributing to the English proficiency and its impact on the understanding of the WSH policies in the company. It is also found that, all the factors are positively correlated with each other, which indicates that English proficiency not only helps in understanding the policies, but also in getting preference during the hiring process. The comparison of the outcomes with the objectives of the paper is discu ssed below. Linking to the objectives Linking to the first objective The first objective of this research paper is to evaluate the effect of proficient knowledge in English language in the workplace environment regarding WSH policies. The researcher has refereed to various scholarly articles on the related subjects to find out different aspects of the implications of language proficiency on the policies, like, WSH. The researcher also analyzed the primary data. From both types of data analysis, it is found that, language proficiency is important for any organization and for understanding all types of organizational policies. As English is a global language, and number of international workers is increasing everywhere, the organizations put emphasis on making English the formal or official language. English is also very important for any international dealing. Hence, the organizations expect English language proficiency or minimum the basic knowledge of English among the employees for a smooth functioning of the organizational activities, such as, effe ctive implementation of the WSH policies. Linking to the second objective Identifying the effectiveness of English language in understanding the WSH principles of an organization is the second objective of the research study. Through the analysis of the primary data, the researcher has found that, the respondents perceive that proficiency in English language is helpful in better understanding of the organizational policies, such as, WSH policies. Majority of the respondents of the survey have reported that, better knowledge in English is beneficial for a clear understanding as well as implementation of the policies effectively. As English is used widely in all organizations across the world, concentration or only focus on the regional or local language may put obstacles in the path of growth for the organization. Hence, for formulating and implementing any policy, the organizations in Singapore are using English and the employees also feel that the basic knowledge and proficiency will help them in better functioning in the organization. Linking to the third objective The third objective of the paper aimed at evaluating if the people who have better knowledge in English along with any other language have any advantage over the people who do not have that skill. From the primary data analysis, it is seen that, 48% of the respondents agreed and 18% strongly agreed that the organizations give preference to the people who have proficiency in the English language. It can be said from this observation that, people who have knowledge in English and some other language as well as who have proficiency in the English language, are preferred by the organizations during hiring and any other organizational work. Thus, people who do not have much knowledge in English go into the backfoot due to the organizational way of working. Recommendations The researcher presents some recommendations on the basis of the data analysis to address the issues that have been found. Regarding the effectiveness of the English language proficiency in the implementation of the WSH policies, certain observations have been found from the data analysis. The recommendations by the researcher will help in eliminating or reducing those issues. 52% of the respondents agreed to the idea that the organizations should give basic English training to the employees so that they could understand the policies well. The organizations can also function more effectively if they do not have to put extra effort in translating the policies in different languages. Thus, to educate the employees, coming with different language proficiencies, the organizations should invest in language learning programs. People have reported that better knowledge in English help them in better understanding of the policies. However, the management should be cooperative and supportive enough so that employees can ask them if they fail understand or implement any policies. WSH is extremely important in any organization, as that is directly related with the health and safety issues of not only the employees but all other people associated with the organization. Hence, special emphasis should be put on making simple and easily comprehensible WSH policies, so that, people who do not have proficiency in the English language, can also understand the policies and act accordingly. Majority of the respondents agreed to the question of importance of communication for the purpose of availing the advantages of WSH policies. Hence, the government must put effort and investment in improving the standard of education and communication in the nation, and then only it will be reflected in the organizational level. Limitations and future scope of the study There are a few limitations of this research study. Firstly, the researcher has collected the primary data only through the questionnaire survey method and has not used the interview method. Interview provides scope of building a good relationship with the interviewee and also helps in gathering more detailed information and perspectives about the research topic, which is not possible with a close ended questionnaire. It is a flexible process, which is time and cost effective. Secondly, the sample size is taken small to reduce the complexity and robustness of the study. Small samples have the risk of containing sampling error or fluctuating error and hence can lead to biased results. Thirdly, the participants were asked only the close ended questions, with only three questions focusing on the demographics. It was done to lessen the horizon of the answers. Hence, it can be said that, in the future, the researchers can consider using both open and close ended questions to get a broader perspective on the research topic. They can also increase the sample size for obtaining a more precise outcome. The researchers should also perform qualitative analysis to add a new dimension to the study. Thus, there are some scope for the future researchers to perform a deeper study and analysis on the related topic that would focus on more specific contexts of the language proficiency and its implications on implementation of the WSH. References Bai, R., Hu, G. and Gu, P.Y., 2014. The relationship between use of writing strategies and English management in Singapore primary schools.The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher,23(3), pp.355-365. Bryman, A., 2015.Social research methods. Oxford university press. Business.gov.au, 2018.Workplace health safety. [online] Business.gov.au. Available at: https://www.business.gov.au/info/run/workplace-health-and-safety [Accessed 15 Mar. 2018]. Consultaustralia.com.au, 2016.Workplace Health Safety (OHS). [online] management .com.au. Available at: https://www.consultaustralia.com.au/Home/Advocacy/WHS [Accessed 15 Mar. 2018]. Eeckelaert, L., Dhondt, S., Oeij, P., Pot, F.D., Nicolescu, G.I., Webster, J. and Elsler, D., 2012.Review of workplace innovation and its relation with occupational safety and health. Bilbao: European Agency for Safety and Health at Work. Friend, M.A. and Kohn, J.P., 2014.Fundamentals of occupational safety and health. Bernan Press. Knoch, U., McNamara, T., Woodward-Kron, R., Elder, C., Manias, E., Flynn, E. and Zhang, B., 2015. Towards improved language assessment of written health professional communication: The case of the Occupational English Test.Papers in Language Testing and Assessment,4(2), pp.60-64. Moslehifar, M.A. and Ibrahim, N.A., 2012. English language oral communication needs at the workplace: Feedback from human resource development (HRD) trainees.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,66, pp.529-536. Murray, N., 2013. Widening participation and English language proficiency: a convergence with implications for assessment practices in higher education.Studies in Higher Education,38(2), pp.299-311. Murray, N. and Hicks, M., 2016. An institutional approach to English language proficiency.Journal of Further and Higher Education,40(2), pp.170-187. Pennycook, A., 2014.The cultural politics of English as an international language. Routledge. Robson, C. and McCartan, K., 2016.Real world research. John Wiley Sons. Sato, K., 2015. Corporate Language Policy in a Globalised Era: Lingua Franca, Multilingualism or else?.,67(1), pp.21-42. Sawir, E., Marginson, S., Forbes-Mewett, H., Nyland, C. and Ramia, G., 2012. International student security and English language proficiency.Journal of Studies in International Education,16(5), pp.434-454. Sentell, T. and Braun, K.L., 2012. Low health literacy, limited English proficiency, and health status in Asians, Latinos, and other racial/ethnic groups in California.Journal of health communication,17(sup3), pp.82-99. Vertovec, S. ed., 2015.Diversities old and new: Migration and socio-spatial patterns in New York, Singapore and Johannesburg. Springer. Wildemuth, B.M. ed., 2016.Applications of social research methods to questions in information and library science. ABC-CLIO. WorkSafe Victoria, 2014.Communicating occupational health and safety across languages. [ebook] WorkSafe Victoria. Available at: https://www.worksafe.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/207942/ISBN-Communicating-occupational-health-and-safety-across-languages-compliance-code-2008-09.pdf [Accessed 15 Mar. 2018]. Yamao, S. and Sekiguchi, T., 2015. Employee commitment to corporate globalization: The role of English language proficiency and human resource practices.Journal of World Business,50(1), pp.168-179. Research aim English as an international language English proficiency and organizational policies

Grieving Process and Impact Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.co

Question: Discuss about the Grieving Process and Complicated Grief. Answer: Grieving process Grief is an emotional as well as behavioral response to a loss and there is no right or wrong way to grieve. Though loss and death are universal, losing an infant (Anna) before its birth becomes a traumatic life-event to their families resulting in complicated grieving process that causes negativity affecting their physical and emotional well-being (Kersting, 2012).The usual emotions of grieving families and its impact on grieving process are discussed here. Due to Annas unexpected and sudden death, the first common emotion they may exhibit is feelings of shock/ numbness. But, shock helps them to protect from painful feelings of loss that otherwise seem un-bearable. As shock lessens, a sense of disorganization; un-certainty or confusion sets leaving them disinterested in their regular activities, yet paves way to re-plan activities. Moreover, the families may experience volatile emotions as anger, hostility, resentment and bitterness (Douglas, 2012). They may feel guilty for their ch ild's death with nagging thoughts that they have not cared the antenatal mother or due to improper check-up. Their feeling of loneliness is the most painful part of grieving process which may trigger the features of depression, social withdrawal, emptiness, meaningless life, trouble in thinking, concentrating and sleeping, dreams of the deceased, tiredness/weakness, pre-occupation with death-events, searching reasons for the childs loss (senseless results) and dwells on mistakes (real/ imagined) (Douglas, 2012). At-last, they may recover from grief with a sense of realization but with painful memories. All these emotions are normal and remain as the part of a grieving process. Though these feelings are unpleasant, Annas family should be helped to accept the reality. Reference Douglas, C. (2012). Potter and Perrys Fundamentals of Nursing- Australian version. (4th ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier Complicated grief after perinatal loss Kersting, A Wagner, B. (2012). Complicated grief after perinatal loss: Dialogues Clinical Neuroscience. 14 (2): 187194. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3384447/ Complicated grief after perinatal loss

Financial Careers  free essay sample

What does the job involve? Well, its very varied, but basically fund-raisers organise special events like concerts and fun runs, ask governments for money, try to get support from local companies and organisations. Most major charities have fund-raising departments, which employ teams of workers. Some of these people do office work — others organise publicity, visit companies or arrange special events. Sounds interesting? Tycoon. A wealthy and powerful person in business or industry. If you are the independent, creative type, why not start your own business? Lots of people do these days. Some arent successful, of course, but plenty are —j and if you do succeed, the rewards of being your own boss can be. enormous. To become a business tycoon you need to have an original idea; be practical, reliable and well-organised; understand the business world; keep control of your finances. After that its all a question of hard work and luck, but then thats the key to success in any job. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Careers  Ã‚   or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Financial journalist. Financial journalists work in three main areas — newspapers, radio and television. Their job is to understand whats happening in the financial world and explain it as quickly and accurately as possible. Economic journalists dont just report todays news, though. They need the ability to predict future events, too. Will interest rates rise or fall? Will the stock market go up or down? And what about trade are exports going to increase or decrease? To become a financial journalist you train as a general reporter first. Then you specialise in finance and economics. And when youve done that? Well, if you are lucky youll get a job in the media. One word of warning, though — financial journalism is a very competitive career. In Britain, for example, there are only 2,000 jobs available. Auctioneer. Two of the best-known auction houses in the world are Christies and Sothebys. The auctioneer who works there regularly sells famous paintings worth millions of pounds. But youd be wrong to think that auctioneers just sell Rembrandts and Van Goghs. Its much more varied career than that. Some auctioneers sell farm animals, for example. Others sell houses, antique furniture or even rock and roll memorabilia (i. e. guitars, cars, clothes etc. , which ones belonged to pop stars). And what does it take to be a good auctioneer? Well, three qualities are absolutely essential — a calm personality, a quick mind and (last but not least) a strong voice. Dealer. Dealers work for companies which buy and sell foreign currencies, commodities like oil or steel. They work in large, noisy, rooms, called dealing rooms and do most of their business over the phone and on computer screens. The majority of them are under 35. The majority of them also earn very big salaries because their work involves huge amounts of pressure and responsibility. You dont need a degree to be a dealer. What you do need, though, is talent, energy, confidence and ambition.

Undergraduate Learning Profile Essay Essay Example

Undergraduate Learning Profile Essay Essay Example Undergraduate Learning Profile Essay Essay Undergraduate Learning Profile Essay Essay Strategic Approach From the stud skills inventory for students scores, my study approach is the strategic approach as I scored highest points in the strategic approach as compared to the deep approach and the surface approach. I am a focused learner who aims at achieving the highest marks possible in tests. I am, also good at time management as well as planning to help me in using my efforts effectively. I also know how to choose my study materials and prepare a conductive environment for my studies. I am also keen to details and can easily study patterns and understand what the assessors expect from the assignments as well as determine the perceive preferences of each teacher. Your name and something about yourself: My name is Kamaljeet Kaur. Based on my personality traits, realized that I am extroverted, agreeable, detailed and relaxed. I found that I like competition, easily get bored with routine and monotony. However, I am also surprised that I can work well under minimal supervision and pressure. The reason why you are studying nursing My main reason why I am studying nursing is that nursing to me is like a calling, a passion, and chosen career path. I like taking care of sick people and giving them hopes when they are very sick and worried about their health. I believe empowering people even in their death bed and offering hope. One learning strength you possess which will be useful for your study this semester The learning strength that I believe I possess and I can use this semester is time management. I am good in time management and if I use that well, I can cover the whole syllabus ahead of the teacher and prepare myself well for the examinations. One specific strategy you will put in place to help you learn better this semester One strategy that I will put in place help me learn better is combining both conventional learning tools and technology. There are tons of resources online that can be accessed over the internet at little or no cost to supplement the available conventional books. Support or source of help you have in place (or in mind) if you need it this semester (for example your partner, the Learning Centre, the lecturer). The school has a digital library that would be instrumental in my learning. I also have access to lecturers with whom I can organize one- on-one session to help me understand and apply concepts learned in this course. Write a paragraph (250 450 words) reflecting on your learning strengths and weaknesses and providing the three specific strategies you will put into place to improve your learning this semester. My strengths include being good at time management. I know how to manage time through proper planning and executing my plans. I also have a good memory and can remember most of the concepts taught in class. I can also attribute my academic success to my curiosity because I am always curious which is what drives me to want to learn more. My main weaknesses include my love for social activities. I like socializing which consumes a lot of my time. I also like surfing the internet and spend a lot of time on Facebook another social networking sites. There are many opportunities at school that I can take advantage of to my success in course work. For example, I have resources such as books at my disposal. I also have access to the digital library which can contribute significantly to my academic achievement. There are also some loving, caring and competent lecturers who are open to discussion and are helpful. There are many threats in school that is likely to affect my studies. These threats are, however, manageable if only I can prioritize and organize myself. For example, there is much time wasting activities such as betting and drinking which is a hindrance to college learning. There are also social events in the school throughout the semesters that are a threat to proper learning. These social events do not add value to my school life or academic. Never the less, there are some strategies that I need to integrate to enhance my learning capabilities this semester. For example, I will prioritize my activities from the most impo rtant to the least important. I would engage in learning activities more as they are sources of networking and learning which are inry6umentalt to my academic achievement. I would also teach myself new skills every day such as academic writing, scholarly referencing, using the internet to research, avoiding academic malpractices as well as doing exceptional research.

Risk Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Risk Management - Case Study Example The server has been assigned an impact value of 100, and a control has been implemented that reduces the impact of the vulnerability by 75 percent. There is an 80 percent certainty of the assumptions and data. Operator use the MGMT45 control console to monitor operations is the server room. It has no password and is susceptible to unlogged misuse by the operator. Estimates show the likelihood of misuse is 0.1. There are no controls in place on this asset, which has an impact rating of 5. There is a 90 percent certainty of the assumptions and data. From the above data, the three assets for the company are extremely valuable. The following is how the organization will approach in evaluation and additional of more controls. Switch L47 has 2 vulnerability. Vulnerability 1 Switch L47 connects a network to the internet should be evaluated first, and additional controls put in place to secure the internal network from external attacks. This asset is extremely significant since there are many attackers constantly trying to access the company information. Therefore, securing switch L47 is important. It has percentage impact (90%) with high uncertainty of 25%. There is no any control in place to secure this asset hence it should be given priority. Server WebSrv6 Hosts should be the second one to be evaluated and additional measures put in place. It has high impact rate and 20% of uncertainty rate. It is second to be evaluated although it has 100 impact value because it has a control in place already. The MGMT45 control console to should be the last one to be evaluated since it has low impact value of 5 with a low rate of uncertainty (10%). It can be evaluated and secured last. There is only one source of risk which the operator hence it is easy to evaluate and provide appropriate measures. This is a very essential decision support tool with high capability to analyze and help users in making decisions. It was developed by Agena Limited. It is can

Texas Attorney General Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Texas Attorney General - Research Paper Example Secure confinement indicates that the court has committed a juvenile into the secure juvenile correctional facility’s custody for duration of a specific program that can run over a few months or many years. The detention of juveniles does not intend to be punitive; rather, they receive care that is consistent with that of the parent in the secure custody. The local jurisdiction or the state have the responsibility of providing recreation, counseling, education, assessment, health services and other required services in a youth’s maintenance and well-being in their custody. Reservations in the secure detention are for the juveniles who pose a threat to the safety of the public. Status offenders like juveniles who are charged with alcohol possession or running away from home may be held for only 24 hours or less. There are five types of residential programs in which juveniles are detained. These programs include camps, detention, corrections, residential treatment and community based. The wide placement variety options are because there is no uniform in these programs (Lissitz, Green, 1975). The youths are supposed to be accorded the appropriate services either in confinement facilities or in the detention centers. The services available differ from the different facilities but generally, the services and programs provided are geared towards the juvenile needs. The function of the facilities is to rehabilitate the youth. The service that offers primary rehabilitation is education and it is mandatory to the detained youth (Marx, 1998). The juvenile facilities that run schools, which are highly effective, provide general equivalency diploma preparation, high school curriculum, special education and opportunities of vocational training. The issues of major concerns in these centers are ineffectiveness and overcrowding. The facilities can create instability regarding simple logistics and become unstable and it becomes

The True Nature of Paul's Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The True Nature of Paul's Case - Essay Example Then, various interpretations by critics using this reading will be proposed. A summarizing conclusion will express this student’s findings. Paul is introduced by Cather as a young man with brilliant eyes with a ‘glassy glitter’, a narrow chest of which he was rather conscious, and a propensity for lying. In an awkward situation at school, he immediately strikes the reader as a typical sexually-ambivalent youth uncomfortable with his whole life situation, especially when relating to male authority in general, and his father in particular (Cather 1905). His teachers have one prickly impression of him, and are bewildered by their own reactions to his confusing character. His ushering job brings him inordinate pleasure, and it is easy for the reader to picture Paul: â€Å"a model usher; gracious and smiling he ran up and down the aisles; nothing was too much trouble for him... his greatest pleasure in life, and all the people in his section thought him a charming boy, feeling that he remembered and admired them.† (Cather 1905). Hating mundane everydayness and bad domestic smells, Paul is disgusted by his father’s ambitions for him, aspiring instead for refined garments and maintaining that â€Å"a certain element of artificiality seemed to him necessary in beauty.† (Cather 1905) The reader gets the impression of an aesthetic man, with heightened sensitivity and disgust with coarseness, but not necessarily effeminate. He is very attracted to nightlife and guises of theatricality. But â€Å"always tormented by fear†, he is ultimately pushed to an act of embezzlement that finances his deepest desire: to impersonate a well-dressed young man in the New York high life. His wishes are not strange in a reading expressly seeking these traits in a protagonist: these are desires and needs of a homosexual still in the throes of determining the origins and causes of his actions, and deciphering what they mean. The

Reviewing the American Constitution

Reviewing the American Constitution Ignacio J. Blanco Eminent Domain The development and freedom of a society and its individuals depend to a large extent on the content and protection of property rights. In practically all the legal systems the indemnification to the individuals is consecrated in the event that the State deprives them of their property through an act of expropriation. Being one of the first to recognize such a guarantee, the Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution prohibits the State from expropriating property for public use, without payment of fair compensation to its owner. The application of such requirement is relatively easy to enforce when the government formally exercises deprivation of property to a private individual, especially when dealing with real estate. The question in this matter is: when should a particular sector of the population bear the cost of a regulation whose benefits are taken advantage by society as a whole? In outlining the concept of eminent domain regulation, a convenient point of departure tu rns out to be the examination of the next argument: the right of the State to exercise eminent domain. When the government needs a certain private property for public use, it should clearly state its intention assessing the specific property, and then paying the former owner a fair compensation. Usually, the main issue in the governments use of eminent domain is what constitutes fair compensation. Eminent domain is defined as: the power that the government has to expropriate a private land for public use (U.S Fifth Amendment). This power is limited by the Federal Constitution as well as State Constitutions when the government takes a private property for common use, it must properly indemnify the owner for the alienation (U.S. Fifth Amendment). Sometimes the exercise of eminent domain consists of a simple process, in which the government grants the owner a fair price and this will result in the appropriation of the property for common use. On other occasions, the government and the owner may disagree as to whether an expropriation needs to occur and what the amount of compensation should be. In these types of cases a legal procedure will be necessary to certify the legitimacy of the expropriation and establish a fair price for the property. The Fifth Amendment expropriation clause protects the owner and assures that he or she will receive appropriate compensation. This clause has three significant components: the first component states that eminent domain should only be applied to private property. Due to this fact, if the government decides to modify the purpose of some public land, for example, to build an office building or a homeless shelter in what used to be a public park, this action will not require government to compensate citizens who used the park. The second requirement is that the land should only be expropriated for common use. This limitation prevents government officials from taking private property for personal use. In this case, this requirement will protect citizens from government officials that might try to get any personal gains from taking private property. Lastly, The Fifth Amendment requires fair compensation. Usually, fair compensation is determined by the market value of the property, in other words. the price at which the owner could have expected to sell the property. It is important to know that the value of the property should be set considering many factors. These factors include: the size of the land and the buildings, the location of the property, the access to utilities and public services, resources present on the property, etc. When a permanent expropriation is about to take place, the courts will use different methods to determine market value. However, if the government needs the property for a limited time, the calculation of value will be more complicated. In cases of eminent domain, the government states that it needs certain private property to create a public benefit, such as the construction of a new stadium or public park. The government can offer the owner a price that is acceptable to the individual or the individual can initiate an expropriation procedure. This procedure is similar to a lawsuit and it is started by the owner of the property when they do not reach agreement. The owner of the property has the right to be notified of the decision of the government and can submit a reply. As one can see, the Fifth Amendment offers protection to the owner and guarantees that he or she will receive a fair compensation for the expropriation. In some non-usual cases the government will deny the claim that they have taken property from the owner. Therefore, the owner would have to initiate an action, denominated procedure of compensation by expropriation, to demand compensation from the government. This situation might occur in various ways. For example, the government may adopt behavior that destroys the owners ability to use and enjoy his or her land, such as building a rail road along the owners property. As one can see, this action does not involve an expropriation, but will certainly reduce the value of the property, forcing the owner to file a lawsuit to obtain compensation. The necessity to determine the time at which the expropriation occurred is important in the matter of eminent domain. An argument may arise when the government presents a plan that affects the property of a citizen. In other words, when the government makes a public announcement about the possibility of starting a new infrastructure project this could potentially impact the value of private property. Furthermore, the owner might think that this plan will already constitute an indirect expropriation, which will could cause stress and uncertainty about the future. Even though the government can claim that they have not taken away any property at this point, its actions have already affected the value for future transactions, causing undesired consequences. The concept of eminent domain gives the government power to act on behalf of public interest. Unfortunately, in many cases, the government violates property rights without offering a fair compensation. The legal issues involved in th ese matters are complex and the courts have not been entirely coherent in their approach. In conclusion, more than two centuries have passed since the proclamation of the American Constitution. However, the constitutional normative body continues to expand its application and renew its validity. The decisions dictated by the courts, offer a variety of interpretations, not always uniform but with an undeniably value. This academic paper offers a summary on how jurisprudence has constructed the concept of eminent domain regulation. According to the government these regulations have no other purpose than to protect citizens from its own government, while trying to draw clear boundaries to delineate its application. The concept of eminent domain goes beyond a simple theoretical construction, it is a true legal institution that articulates basic concepts of private law such as property and economic freedom, in addition to foundational principles of public law like the common good.

Romania :: essays research papers

One day a man named Jim was working at as a herder. Jim was very smart but could not was stuck in the family business of herding sheep all day. Well, Jim had had enough. "I can do better than this." He said. "In fact, I think I will revolutionize the entire world." With that he dropped his shepherd's crook and set to work on something that would make the world a better place. After months of work in his shed behind the small house he lived in, he had finally done it. "AT LAST!!! I HAVE CREATED THE BEST THING EVER!!!" He proclaimed. "Now all I have to do is figure out how to power it." You see, he had to find a power source because he had constructed a central processing unit capable of quadrillions of operations per second and hold an almost infinite ammount of data from only sheep dung. Yes, sheep dung. Well Jim had racked his brain for hours trying to find out how to make it work until it finally came to him. "I know!! Potatoes generate a marginal ammount of electricity, all i have to do is plug this baby into about 1 million or so and i am set!" Jim went out into the fields and gathering one million and one potatoes(one for himself for dinner) and created the battery for the computer. Finally, after months of hard work Jim was ready to unleash the power of his dung made, potato powered computer. With a deep breath he flipped the power switch. A deep hum ocurred and Jim continued to watch, intent on what was going to happen. After what seemed like an eternity, the computer's crystal monitor came to life and the computer began booting. "A SUCESS!!!" Jim proclaimed as he jumped into the air. Yet, all was not for the best, upon booting up the operating system and moving the mouse about, Jim encountered it, the most feared thing in all of geekdom, yes, Jim had experienced the BLUE SCREEN OF DEATH!!! Jim tryed control-alt-delete but to no avail, he tried alt-f4 and alt-tabbing out of the screen but nothing worked. Upon closer inspection of the screen Jim noticed small print, he winced and could make out the letters: "W...I...N...D...O...W...S" "huh" jim said. "Windows?? I never made any windows...." But after reading the screen again he saw it, in plain type.

International Trade and Finance Speech Essay

This speech delivered by the Speaker of the House to a group of reporters surrounding the topics of international trade, foreign exchange rates, import surplus and how they each impact different constituencies. It will also explain why the government would not be able to restrict importation of goods from China, or if wanted to impose tariffs. The Economy and international Trade The United States was once the highest exporter in all the world. Today, the United States has a negative balance of trade, because of the fact that we now import more goods than we export goods. An example of an import would be oil. The oil that we have imported impacts our businesses and our consumers by making gasoline and other oil derivatives more expensive. This makes prices increase because consumers will have to pay for goods from the fact that the cost of driving will go up. This is a major reason why the government is trying to encourage the development of alternate forms of energy such as coal or natural gas. The goods that the United States imports are not always negative. American consumers have benefited greatly from the imports such as electronics or apparel that is made mostly in Asia. The cost of production for these goods are lower in China and most other Asian countries, making it much cheaper for Americans to buy these types of goods that are being manufactured overseas. The reality of international trade is that production will naturally shift to places where goods can be manufactured more efficiently and at a lower price. What the United States has to focus on is developing new technologies and products of higher quality. With a focus based on innovation and quality instead of labor costs. International trade has an impact on the country’s GDP, the financial markets, and importantly university students. The GDP of the United States becomes stronger when we export goods more than we import goods. If negative trade balances become consistent it can lead to deficits, which will in turn cause the government to borrow more. If the government borrows more this will have an impact on the financial markets which could in time make it more costly for the United States to cover all its deficits. We need to promote our exports in order to help the GDP and make our country more impressive to investors. A healthier economy will create enough employment for those needed, especially university graduates that will be trained for the field. The quotas and tariffs regarding the government’s choices has a direct impact on our trade and the relations that we have with other countries. Reducing tariffs and participating in free trade agreements helps our export businesses. This is a reason why our government has in the past worked for establishing trade agreements with countries as South Korea, Panama, and Colombia. When a free trade agreement takes place the trading partners will erase their quotas or tariffs against products from America, this makes it easier for us to send our products to those countries. Trade is a two way engagement, where both are finding a way to benefit, with consumers benefiting as well and our exports getting higher. Foreign exchange rates are the rates of one type of currency converted to another. Such as the rate for exchange between American dollars and Japan’s Yen which is 76 Yen per dollar. Some currencies are fixed with others. The rates of floating currency is determined by the supply and demand. An example is if the European demand for the dollar increases, the supply and demand relationship between them will cause the price to increase of the dollar in relation to the euro. There are many factors that affect exchange rates that include interest rates, unemployment, political instability, inflation, and GDP. When our GDP becomes higher and our exports become level with our imports, the stronger our currency will be and we will have a better overall financial health. There are some people that believe in protectionist policies that include restricting goods that are coming in from China and several other countries, including imposing tariffs that would increase costs for purchasing of goods in the United States. This kind of policy would be populist and fueled with the good intentions of trying to protect our American jobs, its actual consequences would be an elevating trade war with an opposite effect. History proves that when governments have attempted to restrict trade and enforced protectionist measures, other countries will attempt to retaliate and adopt similar policies. An example is the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930, which broke records by increasing tariffs on 25,000 goods which had an end effect of reducing imports and exports by 50% as trade partners began with similar style tariffs. This will translate into more unemployment as companies that will export their goods will see a drastic demand drop. Restricting imports from China woul d bring drastic measures from the Chinese government, and our companies would struggle as they would be unable to export goods to that part of the world. References Colander, D. C. (2010). Macroeconomics (8th Ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin International Trade, ISSN 0020-7810, 2011, Volume 45, Issue 1, p. 79 The Journal of Economics, ISSN 0895-3309, 2007, Volume 21, Issue 3, p. 105 Foreign Policy, ISSN 0015-7228, 11/2003, Issue 139, p. 20 The American Foreign Trade, ISSN 0002-8282, 12/1928, Volume 18, Issue 4, pp. 706 – 713

Pespi Business Case Hbs Essays

Coca-Cola / Pespi Business Case Hbs Essays Coca-Cola / Pespi Business Case Hbs Essay Coca-Cola / Pespi Business Case Hbs Essay Question 1 : Why has the soft drink business been so profitable ? An industry analysis through Porter’s Five Forces reveals that market forces are favourable for profitability. Both concentrate producers and bottlers are profitable. The industry is already vertically integrated to some extent ( § â€Å"Bottler consolidation and spin-off p8). That’s why we sometimes will not distinguish concentrate producers and bottlers. However, we have to keep in mind that relations between concentrate producer and bottlers were often strained. Moreover, in terms of operating profit/sales (exhibit 4 p18), during the period 1980-2004, we can notice that concentrate producer – Coca-Cola company – earned between 21% and 37,1% whereas its largest bottler – Coca Cola Enterprise – only earned between 4,3% and 8,6%. Rivalry : We could characterize the soft drink market as an oligopoly, or even a duopoly between Coke and Pepsi, resulting in positive economic profits. There was tough competition between Coke and Pepsi for market share, and this occasionally hampered profitability – especially for the bottlers. But on the whole, the carbonated soft drink industry remained very profitable. Moreover, nothing contributes as much to the present-day success of the Coca-Cola Company (respectively Pepsi) than Pepsi (respectively Coca-Cola Company). It’s a stimulating competition. But then, came the private label brands ! See question 2 below. Susbstitutes : Other beverages, from bottled water to teas, became more popular. Coke and Pepsi responded by expanding their offerings, through alliances (e. g. Coke and Nestea), acquisitions (e. . Coke and Minute Maid), and internal product innovation capturing the value of increasingly popular substitutes internally. ( § The Cola wars begin p7). Power of suppliers : If sugar became too expensive, the firms could easily switch to corn syrup, as they did in the early 1980s. There are generally a lot of cans companies who are competing for one contract with one bottler. Cans suppliers have very little power. ( § Suppliers to concentrate producer an d bottlers – p5). Power of buyer : Supermarkets, the principal customer for soft drink makers, were a highly fragmented industry. Wal-Mart, on the other hand, had much more bargaining Power. They want to bargain directly with the concentrate producers. This contributes to de degradation of the relation between the concentrate producers and the bottler. ( § Evolving structures and strategies p13)? Only buyers with dominant power were fast food outlets but fortunately, they accounted for less than 20% of total soft drink sales. Barriers to entry : New Concentrate producers would need to overcome the tremendous marketing muscle and market presence of Coke, Pepsi, and a few others although the concentrate producer industry is not very capital intensive, other barriers would prevent entry. Coke and Pepsi are Global Brand †¦ even if the products themselves are not all the time as global as we can think (e. g. Coca Cola’s local products in Japan, Dasani bottled water in USA). Question 2 : What has been the effect of the rivalry on profits ? During the 1960’s and 70’s Coke and Pepsi concentrated on a differentiation and advertising strategy. The â€Å"Pepsi Challenge† in 1974 was a prime example of this strategy. However during the early 1990’s bottler’s of Coke and Pepsi employed low priced strategies in the supermarket channel in order to compete with private label (store brands). In the late 90’s decided to abandon the price war, which was not doing industry any good by raising the prices. Indeed, price wars, even combined with low-cost strategies had driven soda price down to the point where bottlers couldn’t get a decent return on supermarket sales (also because the concentrate prices rose). Bottlers then shifted course (both CCE and PBG) and increased their retail price †¦ consumers balked, sales volume dipped and finally, concentrate makers saw their profits drop as a result ! ( § Evolving structures and strategies – p12). Question 3 : How can Pepsi and Coke sustain profits in the future ? Coke can Pepsi can sustain their profits in the industry because of the following reasons: No new threats from new competition : when there is a threat, as when the beverages from bottled water to teas became more popular, Coke and Pepsi diversified into non–carbonated drinks to counter the flattening demand in the carbonated drinks. This can moreover provide diversification options and an opportunity to grow. Coke and Pepsi have been in the business long enough to accumulate great amount of brand equity which can sustain them for a long time and allow them to use the brand equity when they diversify their business. Per capita consumption in the emerging economies is very small compared to the US market so there is huge potential for growth. However, internationalization strategies can be risky. During the 1960s, Coke focused primarily on overseas markets, apparently basing its strategy on the assumption that domestic CSD consumption was approaching a saturation point. Pepsi, meanwhile, battled Coke aggressively in the United States, and double its US share between 1950 and 1970. Diversification and vertical integration often make internationalisation possible. According to Levitt, we should however not focus on local needs but more on homogenous market needs above all. See discussion section below †¦ Discus sion about the globalization of markets The article of professor Levitt is â€Å"provocative†. He argues that modern communication technologies are creating homogeneous market needs, while manufacturing are increasing the benefits of scale. Accordingly, truly global strategies will be able to use low prices to sweep all competitors still focused on local needs †¦ for all that the quality remains. Coca-Cola seems to be really exemplar of the trend. We can read this in the case : â€Å"the bottling process involve high-speed production lines that are interchangeable only for products pf similar type and packages of similar size†. American academics (Gerry Wind and Susan Douglas) warn of the â€Å"Myth of Globalisation†. If we take Coco-Cola we shouldn’t forget to mention that they sometimes adapt to country needs : Coca-Cola is selling local product in Japan alongside its classic Coke. As far as the Dasani bottled water is concerned, if it’s a success in the USA, it’s a failure in Europe. Nevertheless, Prof. Levitt admits it can happen : Global corporation will accept and adjust to differences only reluctantly, only after testing their immutability, after trying in various ways to circumvent and reshape them. Some countries, not all, are becoming richer. Consumers of these countries become less price-sensitive and more ready to spend on indulging their local tastes. Finally, we should also mention that between the two poles of global and local, there is a third position : regional. What we often call global †¦ is just intra-regional. The holy grail is perhaps not to know one everything about only one great thing, but rather to isolate a few standardized markets, some region. We can see that prof. Levitt is sometimes more reserved : â€Å"I do not advocate the systemic disregard or national differences†. However, this way of thinking implies two great things : a breakthrough innovation and a matchless ambition : indeed, supposing that we can never suppose that the customer is a king who knows his own wishes implies to create and keep a customer †¦ what a project ! Based on â€Å"Key debate : Global, Local or Regional – Exploring Corporate strategy – G. Johnson, K. Scholes, R. Whittington – 8th Edition

Jesus and Mohammad Paper Hum 130 Essays

Jesus and Mohammad Paper Hum 130 Essays Jesus and Mohammad Paper Hum 130 Essay Jesus and Mohammad Paper Hum 130 Essay Jesus and Mohammad Paper Two of the most prevailing figures who influence modern religions are Jesus and the prophet Mohammed. Although both religious figures have numerous detractors, they are also highly revered by many. Regardless of one’s stance with regard to religion, the fact remains that both Jesus and the prophet Mohammed are central figures of Christianity and Islam respectively. Their teachings and doctrines manage to influence both the secular and sacred aspects of society in the past and continue to do so today. There are people tend to see the differences between these two monotheistic religions; however, closer scrutiny reveals remarkable similarities as well historically the lives of these two influential figures of Christianity and Islam; compare the impact their deaths had on their respective religions; and describe the way in which each individual was or is worshipped. In addition, the purpose is to explain how their messages carry out in the world today. Jesus Christ of Nazareth The prophecy of the coming Messiah, who was sent by God and sacrificed for all the sins of the world as well as the Immaculate Conception of the virgin Mary are two of the most popular stories of the Bible. The story of Jesus’ journey on earth began with the appearance of the angel Gabriel to Mary as she was engaged to a carpenter named Joseph. The angel informed Mary that God chose her to be the mother of the Son of God (History of Jesus Christ, n. d. ). Conceived by the Holy Spirit, Jesus was born to Mary and His earthly father Joseph in Bethlehem in about 6 B. C. (History of Jesus Christ, n. d. ). As the story goes, toward the end of her pregnancy, Mary and Joseph had to travel to Bethlehem to register for census. Upon their arrival, they realized that there was no available room for them to spend the night. Subsequently, the couple was offered refuge in a stable, where incidentally, that same night, Mary gave birth to a baby boy. The couple named the child Jesus, which means God Saves (History of Jesus Christ, n. d. ). Extraordinary signs appeared that night as if in recognition of His Divine presence in the world. These signs help to confirm for those who believed in the prophecy that the baby Jesus was indeed the Lamb of God. One such signs was the appearance of a host of angels to shepherds in a nearby field. The angels informed them of the birth of the Messiah in the city of David. These shepherds helped to spread the word of Jesus’ birth, and wise men from the east who knew the significance of a certain star, followed the star and brought gifts and paid respect to Mary and the baby (History of Jesus Christ, n. d. ). Even as a child growing up around his father’s carpenter shop, people could see that Jesus was no ordinary child. People would remark upon the fact that Jesus was wise beyond His years, based upon His teachings about the word of God. On a trip with his parents to Jerusalem at the age of 12, Mary and Joseph found Jesus at the Temple in discussions with Rabbis about the Torah. The rabbis found it perplexing that a child so young could be so knowledgeable about Jewish laws. At His parents query about His presence at the temple, Jesus pointedly asked them if they did not know that He was suppose to be in His Father’s house (History of Jesus Christ, n. d. ). This proclamation by Jesus explains His close connection with God that would reveal later in His life. No written account is available with regard to the young adulthood of Jesus; neither is there any record to suggest that He ever had a wife or children. However, He emerged again at 30 and it was at this age that He asked His cousin John the Baptist, who was performing baptism in the Jordon River to baptize Him. John the Baptist was reluctant at first because he believed he was unworthy to baptize the Son of God. However, Jesus was adamant so John fulfilled the last of his mission as Jesus’ forerunner and baptized Him (History of Jesus Christ, n. d. ). Some religious scholars believed this baptism was symbolic as it solidified Jesus’ commitment to the mission His Heavenly Father gave Him; and this was in preparation for the daunting task ahead (Ross, n. d. ). Jesus went on to perform miracles as He traveled throughout the land spreading God’s message of love and forgiveness. He healed the sick, performed exorcisms, resurrected the dead, changed water into wine, and symbolically fed thousands of people who came to listen to one of His sermons with a few loaves and fishes (History of Jesus Christ, n. . ). Along with His teachings of love and forgiveness, many people were drawn to this calm, enigmatic, and charismatic man, who claimed to be Son of the living God. He had disciples of different socioeconomic backgrounds, and even had a female disciple name Mary Magdalene who later became one of the witnesses to His resurrection. Although Jesus’ message attracted many believers, the Roman Empire and the religious est ablishment of that period saw Him as a threat. They sought to destroy him and subsequently, succeeded in killing Him. It appears that the prophecy came to fulfillment when three days after His death; Jesus rose from the dead and ascended into heaven. The Prophet Mohammed Just like Jesus, the prophet Mohammed came from humble beginnings. He was born around 570 A. D. and raised by relatives. While visiting Syria as a teenager, Mohammed was pointed out by a Christian monk as bearing the birth mark of a prophet (Handbook of Today’s Religions, n. d. ). He grew up as honest and hardworking, led a normal life, and engaged in business that required extensive traveling by caravans. As the story goes, it was during this time when he met and married a wealthy woman named Khadijah. She became one of his staunchest supporters and gave him encouragement at times when he lost confidence in himself and his mission. Her understanding gave him opportunities for contemplation and solitude. His mission started a little later in life at 40, as he was on a retreat during Ramadan. The angel Gabriel appeared and informed him that God chose him to be the last prophet and his mission is to preach submission to Allah’s will; this marked the commencement of the continual revelation of the Qur’an (Handbook of Today’s Religion, n. . ). The Qur’an was not written immediately after the revelation because even though Mohammed was an eloquent speaker, he was also illiterate (Handbook of Today’s Religions, n. d. ). For a period Mohammed and his followers would recite and memorize the messages relayed by the angel. They later compiled the Qur’an out of concerns that the teachings might become lost because of the killings of his followers during the persecution as well as their dying from old age. His mission was no easy undertaking as he encountered oppositions to his message. In retaliation against persecution, Mohammed organized an army to protect his followers and to complete his mission. He taught his followers self-control and discipline; fought against racial and social class distinction, and even encouraged prayer on the battlefield. Mecca failed to acknowledge him and his mission and he and his followers were exiled to Medina. He built the first mosque as an exile in Medina, so that Muslims could have a place in which to worship. For his accomplishment Allah gave Mohammed permission to wage war in an effort to reunite the people in the region of Mecca and Medina. It is believed that this act was the foundation of the Islamic ideology of Jihad (Handbook of Today’s Religions, n. d. ). Mohammed’s doctrine of equality for all humankind and his proclamation of universal brotherhood are also two of his most important accomplishments. Mohammed became the central figure in Islam and he is seen as a person who embodies what is good and righteous. He was an orator, a businessman, a warrior, and a prophet. His teachings create an atmosphere that allows people, regardless of socioeconomic backgrounds or status to remain neutral as they bow down side-by-side and proclaim, â€Å"God alone is great. Jesus’ death became a central and pivotal point for Christian adherents. His death symbolically cleansed the sins of the world, and essentially made sacrifices of burnt offerings for the atonement of sins unnecessary. His death also meant salvation and redemption. Adherents believe that God’s sacrificing of His Son represents His lov e for His people, which only help to strengthen the Christian belief. Subsequently, divisions within Christianity resulted in the formation of many denominations. On the other hand, Mohammed’s death was considered a loss of a significant leader. Disunity erupted among his followers shortly after his death. Some revert to idolatry, giving the Caliphs leadership of the Islamic religion. This split led Sunnis to recognize the succession of the Caliphs to lead the religion, while Shias resisted, believing that the Islamic religion should be led by direct descendants of Mohammed (Amin, n. d. ). To a certain degree, Jesus was treated as an ordinary person and respected by his followers on earth. However, He gained more acceptability after His death and resurrection, and was ever since divinely worshipped as part of the Trinity (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit) to this day. On the other hand, although Mohammed was highly esteemed, he was never divinely worshipped by his followers. He is still regarded and acknowledged as the last prophet of God in the Shahada and daily prayers to Allah. Both the teachings of Jesus and Mohammed are memorialized in the Holy Bible and the Qur’an respectively. Both the Bible and the Qur’an are available in print and electronic devices. The respective messages of Jesus and Mohammed remain alive today, taught ceaselessly throughout many generations, and account for two of the largest religions in the world today. References Amin, H. A. (n. d. ). The Origins of the Sunni/Shia Split in Islam. Retrieved July 25, 2011 from, islamfortoday. com/shia. htm Handbook of Today’s religion (n. d). Islam. Retrieved July 25, 2011 from, greatcom. org/resources/handbook_of_todays_religions/03chap09/default. htm History of Jesus Christ (n. d. ). Jesus Christ. Retrieved July 25, 2011 from, historyworld. net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories. asp? historyid=ac34 Ross, A. (n. d. ). The Baptism of Jesus. Retrieved July 25, 2011 from, http://bible. org/seriespage/baptism-jesus-matthew-313-17

Effective ways to decreasing sexual drive in sex offenders Essay

Effective ways to decreasing sexual drive in sex offenders - Essay Example The methods used in decreasing the sexual drive of sexual offenders aim at addressing the sexual interests, interpersonal functioning, distorted attitudes and behavior management (Reamer, 2005). The behavioral interventions in decreasing the sex drive of sexual offenders aims at controlling the sexual preferences and interests from children and violence, addressing the distorted beliefs and attitudes and emotional regulation (Wright, 2009). One of the effective ways is the cognitive-behavioral treatment that is used to address the inappropriate attitudes and inappropriate sexual preferences through modifying the thinking pattern, modifying the arousal patterns and reducing reoffending (Wright, 2009). Aversion therapy ensures that deviant sexual patterns are altered through use of paraphilic stimulus like induced nausea at peak arousal or foul odor or using a positive reinforcement such as inducing masturbation at the peak of arousal in order to switch to appropriate fantasies (Schwartz & Cellini, 1995). Cognitive restructuring is another cognitive-behavioral therapy that will enable the sexual offender deal with cognitive distortions such as the notion that women enjoy rape and will involve training on social skills on how to interpret certain social issues without sexual distortions. The general purpose of the behavioral techniques is to pair the deviant fantasies with discomfort and boredom and pair the intense physi cal pleasure of orgasm with health fantasies (Reamer, 2005). Pharmacological interventions involve administration of prescription medicines. A common medication is the management of deviant sexual arousal through Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors that treat the obsessive-compulsive disorders thus reducing aggression and sexual urges (Reamer, 2005). This is an homonotherapy that reduces the circulation of testosterone through injection of chemicals such as ant-androgen that

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